President Biden called on Congress to fund the creation of a new agency, a DARPA for Health. Some breakthrough ideas don’t receive sufficient attention because they are too high-risk, high-cost, or long-term, because they don’t fit well into academia or the commercial sector, or because they require complex collaborations. The Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health (ARPA-H) aims to support promising opportunities which concern health but which fall in that gap. ARPA-H will not have intramural labs. It will facilitate research directed at solving practical problems. To date, the kinds of non-dilutive funding opportunities which will be available through ARPA-H (grants, contracts, etc.) have not been defined, but we can make intelligent guesses.